"How will I pay for potential long-term care if the need arises?" That is a conversation that most people do not want to have.
People who do not have long-term care coverage in place risk using their personal resources, exposing their families to a possible financial burden in the future.
While it used to be that families cared for their aging relatives, today's elderly increasingly rely on professional care from home health aides and nursing homes. Often, long-term care starts with services such as home visits, then, depending on your health and independence, may transition to additional services that require full-time nursing care. These services will increase in cost if your required care increases.
You face a crucial decision as you get older: Should you rely on your retirement nest egg and other savings to effectively "self-fund" your costs by paying the bills out-of-pocket for long-term care service, or should you consider the up-front cost of long-term care insurance?
You can take the chance that nothing will happen, but there is the potential to have to pay the full cost later, or you can buy insurance now and pay to help protect against something that could happen to you in the future. The key is weighing your personal needs against the costs and potential benefits of your options.
Below, are four options for paying for long-term care expenses:
GOVERNNMENT PROGRAMS. Veterans and people with low income who cannot afford to cover long-term care expenses might be eligible for long-term care assistance from the federal government, through Medicaid and the Veterans Health Administration or state-run assistance programs. You cannot rely on Medicare to cover these costs, even if you are age 65 or older. Medicare doesn't provide for long-term care and has only limited benefits for short-term care.
TRADITIONAL LONG-TERM CARE INSURANCE POLICIES. You can choose the amount of coverage, how long it lasts, and how long you must wait before receiving benefits. Typically, you pay an annual premium for life, although your premium payment period could be shorter. However, many insurance companies no longer offer traditional policies, and those that do may raise annual premiums after purchase.
HYBRID POLICIES. One type of hybrid insurance offers life insurance and long-term care. You have long-term care coverage available for you, and your beneficiaries receive a life insurance insurance death benefit if you pass away before needing it. If you had a long-term care need, you would be able to draw down or accelerate the death benefit amount to pay for your care, subject to a monthly maximum amount.
PERSONAL SAVINGS. Using your personal savings to pay for long-term care costs can provide you with greater flexibility. However, before using your savings, ask yourself if your retirement plan is built to withstand these potential expenses. If you do use your qualified retirement accounts, such as your 401 (k) or IRA, there may be tax ramifications for withdrawals.
Your long-term care insurance should fit your personal situation. An individual may need a different level of coverage than a married couple because a single person must consider the long-term needs of only one person. For couples, consider the effect on your spouse's financial situation if you have an extended long-term care situation. It's also important to factor in your family medical history and know the risks that you could face. Certain hereditary diseases in your family--like Alzheimer's or diabetes, could make it more likely that you will have long-term care needs in the future.
A thoughtful long-term care coverage decision is all about balance--weighing what you can afford, the kind of care you expect and the risks you might face. It is not just a financial decision, but using insurance may help relieve the emotional and physical burden for caregivers such as family members and friends. Made carefully, it is a decision that may help you to avoid financial catastrophe and provide you with peace of mind for your retirement.